| Is Judicial Independence in Jeopardy? |
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| Our governmental system contains checks and balances, which are designed to prevent any branch of government--executive, legislative, or judicial--from becoming too powerful. The independence of the judiciary is one of the central principles of a democracy. Judicial independence allows judges to make rulings that are based on legal principles instead of politics or public opinion. The independence of the court system assures fair and impartial rulings in legal matters. The Founding Fathers intentionally made the process of removing judges from office a difficult one, so that judges would be insulated from public pressure and could render decisions based on a careful analysis of the applicable law. More... |
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| Factors to Consider Before Filing a Civil Lawsuit |
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| An attorney has a role as an advisor and a counselor to his or her client. The attorney has a responsibility to explain the adversary process to the client. The American legal system is an adversarial one, meaning that the attorneys for disputing parties present their cases, and a judge or jury acts as the neutral decision-maker. The parties' attorneys are advocates for their clients' positions. The advocates use the facts of the case and the law to present their party's claims in the most favorable light. This article discusses the attorney's role in litigation planning. A reputable attorney will honestly review the facts of a client's case and help the client weigh each of the following considerations before deciding to file a lawsuit. More... |
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| Freedom of Information Act |
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| The Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) is a federal law that was passed in 1966. It ensures government openness and accountability. The FOIA gives a person access to federal agency records. However, agencies are allowed (but not required) to withhold records that fall within nine categories.
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| The Judicial Conference of the United States |
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| In 1922, the United States Congress created a body called the Conference of Senior Circuit Judges to administer the federal judiciary. In 1948, Congress passed additional legislation and changed the name of the governing body to the Judicial Conference of the United States. The Judicial Conference handles the administrative matters of the federal court system.
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| Extrajudicial Speech and Judicial Ethics |
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| There are standards of conduct for judges that assure judicial ethics. The goal of the standards is to assure judges' impartiality and avoid improprieties. There are codes of judicial conduct for both state and federal judges. In general, the code of judicial conduct requires a judge to uphold the integrity and independence of the judiciary, avoid the impropriety or the appearance of impropriety in any activities, and perform his/her duties impartially and diligently. Judges are also required to conduct extrajudicial activities in a way that reduces the risk of conflict with judicial duties. More... |
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